简约风医学知识神经元细胞插画素材

Style: Clean, professional Biorender schematic. SCI & Microglial Activation: Spinal cord injury upregulates microglial CD74, abnormally activating the mTOR pathway and triggering metabolic reprogramming. Metabolic Reprogramming & Dysfunction: This shift reduces oxidative phosphorylation but increases glycolysis, lowering ATP. It reshapes microglial function: ① releasing pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNF-α) and neurotoxic agents (ROS, NO); ② impairing chemotaxis and tunneling nanotube formation, halting delivery of mitochondria, enzymes, and metabolites (e.g., lactate) to neurons, causing neuronal metabolic failure and death; ③ reducing clearance of excitatory neurotransmitters (e.g., glutamate), exacerbating excitotoxicity and promoting neuropathic pain.