扁平化医疗风神经疼痛通路治疗医学插画素材

After spinal cord injury, upregulated CD74 in microglia abnormally activates mTOR signaling, driving metabolic reprogramming: oxidative phosphorylation decreases while glycolysis increases, reducing ATP. This shift enhances microglial pro-inflammatory responses (releasing cytokines and neurotoxins) but impairs their protective functions, including neuronal support via tunneling nanotubes and synaptic balance regulation. Consequently, neurons suffer metabolic failure, excitotoxicity, and death, promoting neuropathic pain. Targeting the CD74-mTOR axis can reprogram microglial metabolism and function, fostering a regenerative environment and alleviating neuronal damage.